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Imaging Modalities Medical imaging is a very broad area of medicine and includes many different types of imaging modalities. These include most commonly radiography (x-ray), nuclear medicine, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, elastography, tomography, positron emitted tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT), and echocardiography. Other more advanced or exotic imaging studies include photoacoustic imaging and … Continue reading
History: 15 year old boy with headache and arm numbness. This is a case of a Chiari 1 malformation, which is is defined as caudal extension of the cerebellar tonsils 5 mm below the foramen magnum. Syringomyelia (syrinx) is seen in one-half of the patients, and it is not associated with other neurulation malformations. There are three main types … Continue reading
The ventricular system is a set of four structures, the ventricles, containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain. It is continuous with the central canal of spinal cord. The ventricle lining consists of an epithelium-like membrane called ependyma. The ventricles are interconnected, allowing the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. CSF is produced by the ependymal cells … Continue reading
History: 20 year old female with headache and blurry vision This is a case of a Rathke cleft cyst, which is a benign suprasellar mass. Rathke’s pouch is a depression in the roof of the developing mouth in front of the buccopharyngeal membrane. It gives rise to the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis), a part of the endocrine system. Rathke’s pouch normally closes early … Continue reading
History: 16 year old with abdominal pain This is a case of perforated appendicitis. Appendicitis usually occurs due to obstruction of the appendix at its origin from the cecum, in this case due to an appendicolith. This causes build up of secretions and mucus within the lumen of the appendix, which then dilates. The resultant … Continue reading
History: 14 year old female with right lower quadrant pain This is the appearance of an ovarian dermoid cyst on MRI, also known as a mature teratoma. The name teratoma gives a clue as to the histology of the dermoid cyst, usually containing parenchymal cell types from all three germ cell layers (mesoderm, endoderm, and … Continue reading
History: 14 year old female with right lower qaudrant pain This is the appearance of pediatric appendicitis on MRI. Intravenous gadolinium contrast aids in visualization of the appendix (as seen in the third image above, the LAVA-Flex sequence MRI). MRI has recently been a hot topic of research in the diagnosis of pediatric appendicitis in … Continue reading
Hey all! Check it out. Below is a list of the top 10 posts from 2013, based on total annual hits. Enjoy! 1. The Differences Between the Male and Female Pelvis 2. The About page 🙂 3. Lung Mass – Differential Diagnosis 4. The Golden S Sign – Right Upper Lobe Collapse. 5. CT Neck … Continue reading
History: Male with foot mass. This is a nice example of a giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, which essentially is a benign proliferation of synovium within the tendon sheath. Giant cell tumors of tendon sheath (GCTTS) are the second most common benign tumors in the fingers after ganglion cysts. On MRI as shown above, … Continue reading
History: adolescent with leg pain at night. This is a classic case of an osteoid osteoma. An osteoid osteoma is a benign osteoid producing bone tumor. They are radiolucent on radiographs and classically have tumor nidus surrounded by reactive sclerosis on radiographs and edema on MRI. Osteoid osteomas represent approximately 10-15% of benign bone tumors … Continue reading
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