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Ultrasound

This category contains 34 posts

Retained Products of Conception

History: 35 year old female with vaginal bleeding after 1st trimester miscarriage.  This is a case of retained products of conception. Retained products of conception can occur after miscarriage, abortion, normal delivery, or after a dilatation and curretage procedure. Clinical examination and symptoms of retained products of conception are nonspecific and may mimic those that occur during the … Continue reading

Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage

History: 4 day old baby with apnea  The germinal matrix is the site of proliferating neuronal and glial precursors in the developing brain, which is located above the caudate nucleus in the floor of the lateral ventricle and caudothalamic groove. The germinal matrix contains a rich network of fragile thin-walled blood vessels. Hence the microcirculation in … Continue reading

Solution to Unknown Case #24 – Multilocular Cystic Nephroma on Ultrasound

History: 60 year old male with flank pain.  This is a multilocular cystic nephroma, which is a benign cystic neoplasm of the kidney classically seen in young males and middle aged females. Multilocular cystic nephomas commonly herniate into the renal hilum. It is impossible to distinguish multilocular cystic nephromas from malignant cystic tumors on imaging … Continue reading

Solution to Unknown Case #20 – Epididymo-orchitis

History: 5 year old boy with left scrotal pain.  This is a case of epididymitis-orchitis, which is also referred to as epididymoorchitis or acute scrotum. Epididymoorchitis is an infection of the testicle and epididymis. Orchitis alone is much less common. Ultrasound is the gold standard of diagnosis, and it classically appears as hypoechoic enlargement of the … Continue reading

Unknown Case #20 – Pediatric Scrotal Ultrasound

History: 5 year old boy with left scrotal pain.  What is your differential diagnosis for these findings in this 5 year old boy with left scrotal pain? Comment and share below!

Solution to Unknown Case #18 – Varicocele and Aliasing in Ultrasound

History: 14 year old boy with lump in scrotum. This is a case of a varicocele. A varicocele is dilation of the pampiniform plexus of veins due to retrograde flow in the internal spermatic vein. It is diagnosed most frequently by ultrasound criteria of vessels dilated to 2-3 mm or more. Varicoceles are seen about … Continue reading

Unknown Case #18 – Pediatric Scrotal Ultrasound

History: 14 year old boy with lump in scrotum.  What is your diagnosis for this pediatric patient with a lump in his left scrotum? Comment and share below!

Solution to Unknown Case # 11 – Differential Diagnosis of a Cystic Pediatric Neck Mass

History: 5 year old male with a midline neck mass.  This is the appearance of a lymphatic malformation, which use to be termed “cystic hygroma.” A lymphatic malformation is a congenital malformation of lymph channels which collect into embryonic lymphatic sacs. They can virtually be found in any head and neck location, and are characteristically … Continue reading

Unknown Case # 11 – Pediatric Neck Ultrasound

History: 5 year old male with a midline neck mass. What is your differential diagnosis for this pediatric patient with a midline neck mass? Comment and share below! Note, doppler color images revealed no vascular flow within the mass.

Solution to Unknown Case # 7 – Focal Orchitis with Pyocele

History: Adolescent male with scrotal pain. This is a case of focal orchitis with pyocele, which characteristically appears as an ill-defined hypoechoic heterogenous lesion in the testicle on grayscale ultrasound, with increased flow on color Doppler ultrasound. This is distinguished from an intratesticular abscess by having internal flow on Doppler ultrasound. Intratesticular abscess would be … Continue reading