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For radiology residents preparing for the ABR Core Examination, memorizing the endless numbers that they need to know can seem like a daunting task. One section of the test which is particularly dense with these numbers is the physics section. In preparing for the 2015 administration next week, I thought it would be nice to … Continue reading
History: 15 year old boy with headache and arm numbness. This is a case of a Chiari 1 malformation, which is is defined as caudal extension of the cerebellar tonsils 5 mm below the foramen magnum. Syringomyelia (syrinx) is seen in one-half of the patients, and it is not associated with other neurulation malformations. There are three main types … Continue reading
History: infant who died shortly after birth Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also known as brittle bone disease, is a congenital bone disorder characterized by brittle bones that are prone to fracture. People with OI are born with defective connective tissue, or without the ability to make it, usually because of a deficiency of type I collagen. On … Continue reading
History: 50 year old woman presenting for screening mammogram. This is a case of a breast lipoma. This is a benign tumor of the breast composed of mature adipose (fat) cells. They can be present in the breast, axilla, chest wall, or subcutaneous tissues, and typically appear circumscribed, oval or round. If they necrose, they … Continue reading
History: 35 year old female with vaginal bleeding after 1st trimester miscarriage. This is a case of retained products of conception. Retained products of conception can occur after miscarriage, abortion, normal delivery, or after a dilatation and curretage procedure. Clinical examination and symptoms of retained products of conception are nonspecific and may mimic those that occur during the … Continue reading
History: 3 year old male with palpable left sided abdominal mass Wilms’ tumor is the most common renal malignancy and solid abdominal malignancy of childhood. The median age of patients affected by Wilms’ tumor is 3 years old. Usually Wilms’ tumor presents as a large abdominal mass, and 10% of cases are bilateral. Wilms’ tumor … Continue reading
History: 9 year old boy with nasal congestion and epistaxis (bloody nose) Osteosarcoma uncommonly arises in craniofacial bones, but when it does it occurs most often in bones of the jaw and has only very rarely been reported to arise in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses as a primary tumor. Most sinonasal osteosarcomas are high grade. … Continue reading
There are numerous causes of avascular necrosis (AVN), which is at its most basic definition when blood flow to a bone is interrupted or reduced. Numerous mnemonics have been proposed to remember the many causes of AVN. My favorite is probably GIVE INFARCTS: GIVE INFARCTS · G- Gaucher disease · I- Idiopathic- Legg-Calve Perthes · … Continue reading
History: 50 year old male with right upper quadrant pain Fatty liver disease is generally divided into two main categories, alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). More than 15 million people in the U.S. abuse or overuse alcohol. Almost all of them — 90%-100% — develop fatty livers. Fatty liver can occur after … Continue reading
History: 50 year old female with right lower quadrant pain. Typhlitis is a necrotizing process of the cecum, occurring in neutropenic patients who are usually receiving combined chemotherapy. The atonic cecum is affected because of its poor arterial perfusion, the presence of colonic bacteria, and the milieu of immunosuppression. Other terms that have been used … Continue reading
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